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10 Common Causes of Dog Diarrhea and When to See a Vet You Shouldn't Ignore

10 Common Causes of Dog Diarrhea and When to See a Vet You Shouldn't Ignore

1. Dietary Indiscretion: When Dogs Eat What They Shouldn't

One of the most frequent causes of dog diarrhea is simple curiosity. Dogs are notorious for scavenging in the trash, licking up dropped food, or chewing on questionable outdoor “snacks.” Known as dietary indiscretion, this behavior leads to digestive upset more often than we’d like to admit.

Whether it's greasy leftovers or a piece of spoiled meat, a dog’s sensitive GI tract often responds with vomiting or loose stools. Mild cases may resolve with a bland diet, but if symptoms persist beyond 24 hours, professional care is needed.

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2. Sudden Food Changes and Their Impact on Digestion

Switching dog food brands or protein sources without a gradual transition can upset the gut microbiome, resulting in diarrhea. Your dog’s system needs time to adjust to new ingredients and nutrient balances.

To avoid this, any diet change should happen over 7–10 days by slowly mixing increasing portions of the new food with the old. If diarrhea begins mid-transition, pause or slow the process, and consult your vet for guidance.

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3. Parasites: A Hidden but Common Cause

Parasites like giardia, roundworms, and hookworms are leading culprits of persistent or recurring diarrhea—especially in puppies or newly adopted dogs. These internal parasites irritate the intestines and can cause soft, foul-smelling, or even bloody stools.

A simple fecal test at your vet can confirm the diagnosis. With proper deworming and follow-up, most dogs recover quickly. At Hidden Brook Veterinary, we offer preventive parasite screenings tailored to your dog's environment and age.

4. Bacterial and Viral Infections That Trigger Diarrhea

Just like humans, dogs can get bacterial infections (like salmonella or E. coli) and viruses (like parvovirus or coronavirus) that cause gastrointestinal distress. Puppies, unvaccinated dogs, or those with compromised immune systems are especially vulnerable.

These cases often involve severe diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, and dehydration. Immediate veterinary attention is crucial, as some infections—like parvo—can be fatal if untreated.

Dogs are emotional creatures. Changes like moving homes, traveling, thunderstorms, or boarding can trigger stress-related diarrhea. This is especially common in high-strung or rescue dogs.

Stress-induced diarrhea is usually short-term and may resolve once the dog feels secure again. Adding calming aids, structured routines, and natural supplements may help reduce future episodes.

6. Food Allergies and Intolerances in Dogs

Chronic or intermittent diarrhea may point to food sensitivities. Unlike sudden reactions, food allergies tend to show up over time and can manifest as both skin issues and digestive problems.

Common triggers include chicken, beef, dairy, or wheat. An elimination diet under veterinary supervision is the gold standard for identifying culprits. We often guide pet owners at Hidden Brook Veterinary through this careful process.

7. Toxic Substances and Accidental Ingestion

Dogs are curious by nature and may ingest toxic substances like chocolate, grapes, xylitol (in sugar-free gum), or household cleaners. Diarrhea is often one of the first symptoms, followed by vomiting, weakness, or tremors.

If you suspect poisoning, contact a vet immediately. Time is critical when dealing with toxins. Don’t wait for multiple symptoms to appear—err on the side of caution.

8. Chronic Illnesses That May Present as Diarrhea

Dogs with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pancreatitis, or liver disease may exhibit chronic diarrhea. In these cases, diarrhea is more of a symptom than a standalone issue.

Diagnosis often requires bloodwork, imaging, and sometimes biopsies. Long-term treatment usually involves medication, prescription diets, and regular monitoring.

9. Medication Side Effects That Affect Digestive Health

Some antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and heartworm preventatives can cause temporary diarrhea as a side effect. While often mild, it’s important to report these symptoms to your vet, especially if they continue.

In many cases, pairing medication with probiotics or adjusting the dosage helps alleviate discomfort without compromising treatment.

10. When to See a Vet: Signs You Shouldn’t Ignore

While many cases of dog diarrhea are mild and resolve quickly, some require urgent medical attention. Contact your vet immediately if you notice:

- Bloody or black stools
- Vomiting combined with diarrhea
- Diarrhea lasting more than 48 hours
- Lethargy, fever, or signs of pain
- Known ingestion of toxins or foreign objects

Trust your gut. If something feels off, it's better to be safe than sorry.

11. How Hidden Brook Veterinary Can Help With Dog Diarrhea

At Hidden Brook Veterinary, we understand how distressing it is to see your dog suffer from diarrhea. Whether it's a one-time issue or a chronic concern, our experienced team takes a holistic, diagnostic-driven approach to get to the root of the problem.

We offer on-site diagnostics, nutritional consultations, parasite screenings, and personalized treatment plans—all in a stress-reducing environment that puts pets and their people first. Don’t guess—get the answers and relief your dog deserves.